The Himalayan mountain range is a young and fragile ecosystem, feeding the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin that sustains nearly two billion people. Rapid infrastructure development—including dams, tunnels, roads, and hydropower projects has disrupted rivers, forests, and mountain geology, altering natural water flows, blocking sediment, and increasing landslides and ecological instability. Construction activities, combined with deforestation, have weakened the landscape, while climate change has accelerated glacier melt and the formation of unstable glacial lakes. Their sudden outbursts trigger devastating floods and avalanches, threatening communities, biodiversity, and the long-term water security of one of the world's most densely populated regions.